Plagues

Red Mites Cultural and biological control methods: Amblyseius californicus Euiseius stipulatus Phitoiseiulus persimilis Conwentzia psociformis Stethorus punctillum Critical stage August-October Treatment criteria Do not treat if over 30% of leaves are occupied by phytoseiids. If less than 30% of leaves are occupied by phytoseiids, treat if the percentage of leaves with mobile P. citri is…

Water moulds Cultural and biological control methods Caning Existence of plant cover Critical stage Autumn Treatment criteria Observe precipitations and temperature in rainy autumns. With persistent rains, treat the lower part of the tree 48 hours after rainfall. Active material recommended Inorganic copper compound Fosetil AI Mancoceb Metalaxil Metalaxil-M Scientific name Phytophtora sp.

Alternaria Cultural and biological control methods Regulatory pruning for air circulation, to facilitate dryout of trees and the efficiency of the treatment. Critical stage Spring-summer-autumn Treatment criteria Presence of lesions on leaves and fruit. Optimum conditions for the development of this pest are temperatures around 25ºC and excess water on the plant. Active material recommended…

Twospotted spider mite Cultural and biological control methods Biological control is not very efficient. Nevertheless some natural predators help to regulate them, such as: Amblyseius californicus Phitoiseiulus persimilis Stethorus punctillum Critical stage May-October Treatment criteria Observation of mobile forms on leaves and fruit in summer. Treat if less than 10% of leaves have mobile forms…

Honeydew moth Cultural and biological control methods Remove fallen fruit. Critical stage Treatment criteria No application recommended. Avoid presence of citrus mealybug by releasing predator fauna. Active material recommended In general, no chemical treatments are recommended. In cases where plague levels justify it, treatment should be made before the larvae penetrate the fruit. Scientific name…

Black scale Cultural and biological control methods Regulatory pruning for air circulation. Metaphycus spp. Critical stage 1st generation: February-March. 2nd generation: July-August. Treatment criteria Preferably in the 1st generation, up to L3, meaning 3 larvae per leaf and internode. In the 2nd generation, when 100% of eggs have ecloded at the threshold of the 1st…

Snails and slugs Cultural and biological control methods Avoid snail and slug climbing problems by pruning branches that reach the ground. Lime paint barriers should be used on tree trunks. Critical stage Treatment criteria Observe presence of plague and treat if population is high. Active material recommended Metaldehyde Iron sulfate (All in ground bait applications)…

Olive moth Cultural and biological control methods Critical stage At start of budding in spring. Treatment criteria Observation of damage on young buds by dripping on paper or cloth. Treat only when 20-25% of buds are under attack. Active material recommended Dimetoato (Only those formulae registered for use with citrus trees, before flowering and with…

Cottony-cushion scale Cultural and biological control methods Natural enemies: Rodolia cardinalis. Critical stage Treatment criteria Not recommended Active material recommended No treatment recommended. Scientific name Iceria purchasi Mask.

Citrus mealybug Cultural and biological control methods Release of predator fauna: Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Leptomastix dactilopii Anagyrus pseudococci Avoid the use of insecticides toxic to Cryptolaemus. Critical stage May-October Treatment criteria This pest can only be combated optimally via biological control. Treat only when 20% of fruit show attack and biological control has been unsuccessful. Active…

Ants Cultural and biological control methods Elimination of pests secreting honeydew Protection barriers on tree trunk. Critical stage Treatment criteria High levels of infestation. Active material recommended Application of insecticidal traps near anthills. Scientific name

Citrus leafminer Cultural and biological control methods Budding control using irrigation, fertilisers and pruning. Natural enemies: Citrostichus phyllocnistoides PChrysoperla carnea Critical stage Budding in summer and autumn Treatment criteria Do not use chemical treatments on trees under production. On seedlings and plantlings, apply during 2nd generation, which is when their presence can be observed. Applications…

Woolly whitefly Cultural and biological control methods Cales noacki Amitus spiniferus Avoid treatments toxic to C. noacki. Critical stage Treatment criteria Observe for presence of Cales noacki and degree of infestation on young buds. Treat when over 20% of buds are under attack, and the level of infestation is under 60% Active material recommended Paraffin…

Fruit fly Cultural and biological control methods Treat isolated fruit trees. Collect fruit from ground and destroy. Critical stage At onset of ripening: September to December for extra-early and early varieties. April to June for Valencia Late. Treatment criteria Capture >0.5 flies / fly trap per day. Active material recommended Spinosad Lamda-cihalotrin Scientific name Ceratitis…

Black parlatoria scale Cultural and biological control methods Regulatory pruning for air circulation. Aphylis hispanicus Chilocorus bipustulatus Lindorus lophantae Critical stage 1st generation, late May to mid-June. 2nd generation, late August to mid-September. Treatment criteria If over 2% of fruit has been attacked in the previous harvest, treat during the most sensitive stage of the…

California red scale Cultural and biological control methods Regulatory pruning for air circulation. Natural enemies: Aphytis melinus Aphytis Chrysomphali Critical stage 1st generation: May. 2nd generation: August. Treatment criteria If over 2% of fruit has been attacked in the previous harvest, treat during the most sensitive stage of the 1st generation. If the pending harvest…

Aphids Cultural and biological control methods Natural enemies: Aphididos Coccinelidos Crisópidos Critical stage Mid-April to mid-June, in spring budding trees, exceptionally in autumn budders Treatment criteria Treat when the following thresholds are exceeded: Spiraecola: 10% de brotes afectados. Others 30%. Monitor plantlings and grafts. Active material recommended Acetamiprid (only plantlings if under production) Spirotetramat Pirimicarb…

Purple scale Cultural and biological control methods Regulatory pruning for air circulation. Aphytis lepidosaphes Encarsia elongata Chilocorus bipustulatus Critical stage 1st generation: late May to mid-June. 2nd generation: late August to mid-September Treatment criteria If over 2% of fruit has been attacked in the previous harvest, treat during the most sensitive stage of the 1st…